P95 Query Time

P95 Query Time

The 95th percentile database query duration — 95% of queries complete faster than this. Weighted by execution frequency across all queries. Slow queries are often caused by missing indexes or N+1 patterns.

35 ms

5.3%

Compared to previous 7 days

Execution Rate

Query Execution Rate

Total database queries executed over the last 14 days, expressed as an average rate. Spikes may indicate N+1 queries or inefficient data access patterns.

2.5 / hour

16.2%

Compared to previous 7 days

Query Responses

Query Responses

This panel shows all executions of this query, including performance metrics, duration distribution, and query execution details.

Click marker to copy SHA
Time Period ▼ Executions Avg Duration Min Duration Max Duration
Sep 23, 2026 19 18.58 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 22, 2026 54 17.89 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 21, 2026 64 18.03 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 20, 2026 65 16.15 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 19, 2026 74 17.41 ms 1.0 ms 33.0 ms
Sep 18, 2026 51 18.39 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 17, 2026 57 18.82 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 16, 2026 68 18.26 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 15, 2026 58 21.26 ms 1.0 ms 50.0 ms
Sep 14, 2026 66 18.45 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Total of 15 record(s).
Page 1 of 2

Normalized Query 

SELECT users.* FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id = comments.post_id WHERE users.active = ? AND posts.published = ? AND comments.approved = ? OR users.created_at > ? AND posts.created_at > ? AND comments.created_at > ?

Diagnostics

Query Diagnostics

Automatically generated analysis for this query. Includes N+1 detection (from live request data), query characteristics, detected issues, optimization suggestions, and a database EXPLAIN plan. Click Re-analyze to regenerate.

Query Characteristics
Query Type
SELECT
Tables
3
Joins
2
Complexity Score
18
Has LIMIT
No
Has ORDER BY
No
Has GROUP BY
No
Has Subqueries
No
Optimization Suggestions
  • Add composite index: add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "created_at"] — Efficient multi-column filtering
    add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "created_at"]
  • Add single_column index: add_index :comments, :post_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :comments, :post_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :posts, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :posts, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :active — Fast lookups for active = value queries
    add_index :users, :active
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :approved — Fast lookups for approved = value queries
    add_index :users, :approved
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :published — Fast lookups for published = value queries
    add_index :users, :published

Query Locations

Query Locations

Shows where in your codebase this query originates, based on the last 30 days of executions. P95 duration and row count highlight the worst-case performance at each call site.

Location P95 Duration (ms) P95 Row Count Count
app/controllers/analytics_controller.rb:45 34.0 — 495
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:19 49.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:54 45.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:101 47.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:53 50.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:59 42.0 — 1

Raw Data 

{
  "query": {
    "id": 129,
    "normalized_sql": "SELECT users.* FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id = comments.post_id WHERE users.active = ? AND posts.published = ? AND comments.approved = ? OR users.created_at > ? AND posts.created_at > ? AND comments.created_at > ?",
    "analyzed_at": "2026-09-23 08:02:23 UTC"
  },
  "performance": {
    "total_executions": 500,
    "p95_duration_ms": "34.0",
    "avg_duration_ms": 18.116,
    "p95_row_count": null,
    "avg_row_count": null
  },
  "characteristics": {
    "query_type": "SELECT",
    "table_count": 3,
    "join_count": 2,
    "where_clause_complexity": 6,
    "has_subqueries": false,
    "has_limit": false,
    "has_order_by": false,
    "has_group_by": false,
    "has_having": false,
    "has_distinct": false,
    "has_aggregations": false,
    "estimated_complexity": 18
  },
  "call_locations": [
    {
      "location": "app/controllers/analytics_controller.rb:45",
      "count": 495,
      "p95_duration_ms": "34.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:19",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "49.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:54",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "45.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:101",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "47.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:53",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "50.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:59",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "42.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    }
  ],
  "n_plus_one": {
    "detected": false
  },
  "index_recommendations": [
    "add_index :users, :active",
    "add_index :users, :published",
    "add_index :users, :approved",
    "add_index :posts, :user_id",
    "add_index :comments, :post_id",
    "add_index :users, [\"active\", \"published\", \"approved\", \"created_at\"]",
    "add_index :users, :created_at"
  ],
  "issues": []
}