P95 Query Time

P95 Query Time

The 95th percentile database query duration — 95% of queries complete faster than this. Weighted by execution frequency across all queries. Slow queries are often caused by missing indexes or N+1 patterns.

35 ms

16.7%

Compared to previous 7 days

Execution Rate

Query Execution Rate

Total database queries executed over the last 14 days, expressed as an average rate. Spikes may indicate N+1 queries or inefficient data access patterns.

13.14 / day

31.2%

Compared to previous 7 days

Query Responses

Query Responses

This panel shows all executions of this query, including performance metrics, duration distribution, and query execution details.

Click marker to copy SHA
Time Period ▼ Executions Avg Duration Min Duration Max Duration
Sep 23, 2026 1 25.0 ms 25.0 ms 25.0 ms
Sep 22, 2026 8 15.0 ms 1.0 ms 33.0 ms
Sep 21, 2026 15 19.07 ms 3.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 20, 2026 9 16.11 ms 8.0 ms 32.0 ms
Sep 19, 2026 11 16.09 ms 2.0 ms 30.0 ms
Sep 18, 2026 14 18.86 ms 5.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 17, 2026 7 16.29 ms 2.0 ms 34.0 ms
Sep 16, 2026 10 17.6 ms 3.0 ms 32.0 ms
Sep 15, 2026 17 19.12 ms 1.0 ms 39.0 ms
Sep 14, 2026 16 17.69 ms 1.0 ms 50.0 ms
Total of 15 record(s).
Page 1 of 2

Normalized Query 

SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE email = ?

Diagnostics

Query Diagnostics

Automatically generated analysis for this query. Includes N+1 detection (from live request data), query characteristics, detected issues, optimization suggestions, and a database EXPLAIN plan. Click Re-analyze to regenerate.

Query Characteristics
Query Type
SELECT
Tables
1
Joins
0
Complexity Score
3
Has LIMIT
No
Has ORDER BY
No
Has GROUP BY
No
Has Subqueries
No
Optimization Suggestions
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :email — Fast lookups for email = value queries
    add_index :users, :email
Execution Plan
2 | 0 | 216 | SCAN users

Query Locations

Query Locations

Shows where in your codebase this query originates, based on the last 30 days of executions. P95 duration and row count highlight the worst-case performance at each call site.

Location P95 Duration (ms) P95 Row Count Count
app/models/application_record.rb:12 34.0 — 155
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:96 26.0 — 1
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:85 35.0 — 1
app/jobs/data_export_job.rb:92 39.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:49 5.0 — 1
app/jobs/notification_job.rb:114 43.0 — 1
app/jobs/notification_job.rb:23 29.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:47 50.0 — 1
app/jobs/notification_job.rb:25 46.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:69 44.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:19 26.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:33 39.0 — 1
app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:105 28.0 — 1
app/jobs/notification_job.rb:11 3.0 — 1
app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:100 21.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:59 19.0 — 1
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:91 30.0 — 1
app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:106 44.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:100 10.0 — 1
app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:90 20.0 — 1
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:16 38.0 — 1
app/jobs/import_job.rb:57 25.0 — 1
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:79 24.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:83 40.0 — 1
app/jobs/data_export_job.rb:41 10.0 — 1
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:42 26.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:25 42.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:84 39.0 — 1
app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:38 8.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:117 11.0 — 1

Raw Data 

{
  "query": {
    "id": 170,
    "normalized_sql": "SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE email = ?",
    "analyzed_at": "2026-09-23 10:02:24 UTC"
  },
  "performance": {
    "total_executions": 184,
    "p95_duration_ms": "39.0",
    "avg_duration_ms": 18.8315,
    "p95_row_count": null,
    "avg_row_count": null
  },
  "characteristics": {
    "query_type": "SELECT",
    "table_count": 1,
    "join_count": 0,
    "where_clause_complexity": 1,
    "has_subqueries": false,
    "has_limit": false,
    "has_order_by": false,
    "has_group_by": false,
    "has_having": false,
    "has_distinct": false,
    "has_aggregations": false,
    "estimated_complexity": 3
  },
  "call_locations": [
    {
      "location": "app/models/application_record.rb:12",
      "count": 155,
      "p95_duration_ms": "34.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:96",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "26.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:85",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "35.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/data_export_job.rb:92",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "39.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:49",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "5.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/notification_job.rb:114",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "43.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/notification_job.rb:23",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "29.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:47",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "50.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/notification_job.rb:25",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "46.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:69",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "44.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:19",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "26.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:33",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "39.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:105",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "28.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/notification_job.rb:11",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "3.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:100",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "21.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:59",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "19.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:91",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "30.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:106",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "44.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:100",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "10.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/analytics_job.rb:90",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "20.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:16",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "38.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/import_job.rb:57",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "25.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:79",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "24.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:83",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "40.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/data_export_job.rb:41",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "10.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:42",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "26.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:25",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "42.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:84",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "39.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/webhook_delivery_job.rb:38",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "8.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:117",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "11.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    }
  ],
  "n_plus_one": {
    "detected": false
  },
  "index_recommendations": [
    "add_index :users, :email",
    "add_index :users, [\"email\", \"id\", \"name\"], name: 'covering_idx_users_email'"
  ],
  "issues": [],
  "explain_plan": "2 | 0 | 216 | SCAN users"
}