P95 Query Time

P95 Query Time

The 95th percentile database query duration — 95% of queries complete faster than this. Weighted by execution frequency across all queries. Slow queries are often caused by missing indexes or N+1 patterns.

34 ms

6.2%

Compared to previous 7 days

Execution Rate

Query Execution Rate

Total database queries executed over the last 14 days, expressed as an average rate. Spikes may indicate N+1 queries or inefficient data access patterns.

2.58 / hour

1.4%

Compared to previous 7 days

Query Responses

Query Responses

This panel shows all executions of this query, including performance metrics, duration distribution, and query execution details.

Click marker to copy SHA
Time Period ▼ Executions Avg Duration Min Duration Max Duration
Sep 23, 2026 8 14.63 ms 1.0 ms 24.0 ms
Sep 22, 2026 56 18.79 ms 3.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 21, 2026 63 17.63 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 20, 2026 67 17.55 ms 2.0 ms 34.0 ms
Sep 19, 2026 56 18.55 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 18, 2026 60 19.08 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 17, 2026 71 19.03 ms 1.0 ms 34.0 ms
Sep 16, 2026 56 16.82 ms 1.0 ms 33.0 ms
Sep 15, 2026 66 19.68 ms 1.0 ms 43.0 ms
Sep 14, 2026 52 19.73 ms 1.0 ms 47.0 ms
Total of 15 record(s).
Page 1 of 2

Normalized Query 

SELECT users.*, posts.*, comments.*, COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) as post_count, COUNT(DISTINCT comments.id) as comment_count, AVG(posts.view_count) as avg_views, MAX(comments.created_at) as latest_comment FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON users.id = comments.user_id LEFT JOIN user_preferences ON users.id = user_preferences.user_id LEFT JOIN subscriptions ON users.id = subscriptions.user_id WHERE (users.active = ? OR users.premium = ?) AND (posts.published = ? OR posts.featured = ?) AND (comments.approved = ? OR comments.flagged = ?) AND users.created_at BETWEEN ? AND ? GROUP BY users.id HAVING COUNT(posts.id) > ? AND AVG(posts.view_count) > ?

Diagnostics

Query Diagnostics

Automatically generated analysis for this query. Includes N+1 detection (from live request data), query characteristics, detected issues, optimization suggestions, and a database EXPLAIN plan. Click Re-analyze to regenerate.

Query Characteristics
Query Type
SELECT
Tables
5
Joins
4
Complexity Score
34
Has LIMIT
No
Has ORDER BY
No
Has GROUP BY
Yes
Has Subqueries
No
Issues Detected
  • Complex WHERE clause with many conditions
Optimization Suggestions
  • Add composite index: add_index :users, ["active", "premium", "published", "featured", "approved", "flagged", "created_at"] — Efficient multi-column filtering
    add_index :users, ["active", "premium", "published", "featured", "approved", "flagged", "created_at"]
  • Add single_column index: add_index :comments, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :comments, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :posts, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :posts, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :subscriptions, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :subscriptions, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :user_preferences, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :user_preferences, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :active — Fast lookups for active = value queries
    add_index :users, :active
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :approved — Fast lookups for approved = value queries
    add_index :users, :approved
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :featured — Fast lookups for featured = value queries
    add_index :users, :featured
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :flagged — Fast lookups for flagged = value queries
    add_index :users, :flagged
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :premium — Fast lookups for premium = value queries
    add_index :users, :premium
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :published — Fast lookups for published = value queries
    add_index :users, :published

Query Locations

Query Locations

Shows where in your codebase this query originates, based on the last 30 days of executions. P95 duration and row count highlight the worst-case performance at each call site.

Location P95 Duration (ms) P95 Row Count Count
app/controllers/analytics_controller.rb:45 34.0 — 496
app/jobs/import_job.rb:117 23.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:10 43.0 — 1
app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:77 21.0 — 1
app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:15 39.0 — 1

Raw Data 

{
  "query": {
    "id": 39,
    "normalized_sql": "SELECT users.*, posts.*, comments.*, COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) as post_count, COUNT(DISTINCT comments.id) as comment_count, AVG(posts.view_count) as avg_views, MAX(comments.created_at) as latest_comment FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON users.id = comments.user_id LEFT JOIN user_preferences ON users.id = user_preferences.user_id LEFT JOIN subscriptions ON users.id = subscriptions.user_id WHERE (users.active = ? OR users.premium = ?) AND (posts.published = ? OR posts.featured = ?) AND (comments.approved = ? OR comments.flagged = ?) AND users.created_at BETWEEN ? AND ? GROUP BY users.id HAVING COUNT(posts.id) > ? AND AVG(posts.view_count) > ?",
    "analyzed_at": "2026-09-23 04:02:22 UTC"
  },
  "performance": {
    "total_executions": 500,
    "p95_duration_ms": "34.0",
    "avg_duration_ms": 18.312,
    "p95_row_count": null,
    "avg_row_count": null
  },
  "characteristics": {
    "query_type": "SELECT",
    "table_count": 5,
    "join_count": 4,
    "where_clause_complexity": 12,
    "has_subqueries": false,
    "has_limit": false,
    "has_order_by": false,
    "has_group_by": true,
    "has_having": true,
    "has_distinct": true,
    "has_aggregations": true,
    "estimated_complexity": 34
  },
  "call_locations": [
    {
      "location": "app/controllers/analytics_controller.rb:45",
      "count": 496,
      "p95_duration_ms": "34.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/import_job.rb:117",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "23.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:10",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "43.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/image_processing_job.rb:77",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "21.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/jobs/cache_warming_job.rb:15",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "39.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    }
  ],
  "n_plus_one": {
    "detected": false
  },
  "index_recommendations": [
    "add_index :users, :active",
    "add_index :users, :premium",
    "add_index :users, :published",
    "add_index :users, :featured",
    "add_index :users, :approved",
    "add_index :users, :flagged",
    "add_index :posts, :user_id",
    "add_index :comments, :user_id",
    "add_index :user_preferences, :user_id",
    "add_index :subscriptions, :user_id",
    "add_index :users, [\"active\", \"premium\", \"published\", \"featured\", \"approved\", \"flagged\", \"created_at\"]",
    "add_index :users, :created_at"
  ],
  "issues": [
    "Complex WHERE clause with many conditions"
  ]
}