P95 Query Time

P95 Query Time

The 95th percentile database query duration — 95% of queries complete faster than this. Weighted by execution frequency across all queries. Slow queries are often caused by missing indexes or N+1 patterns.

34 ms

4.1%

Compared to previous 7 days

Execution Rate

Query Execution Rate

Total database queries executed over the last 14 days, expressed as an average rate. Spikes may indicate N+1 queries or inefficient data access patterns.

2.72 / hour

6.6%

Compared to previous 7 days

Query Responses

Query Responses

This panel shows all executions of this query, including performance metrics, duration distribution, and query execution details.

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Time Period Executions ▲ Avg Duration Min Duration Max Duration
Sep 23, 2026 21 19.0 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 10, 2026 28 17.96 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 9, 2026 52 21.54 ms 4.0 ms 50.0 ms
Sep 17, 2026 56 19.55 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 16, 2026 57 16.35 ms 1.0 ms 34.0 ms
Sep 21, 2026 62 17.82 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 22, 2026 65 18.11 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 11, 2026 67 17.85 ms 1.0 ms 43.0 ms
Sep 19, 2026 68 17.79 ms 1.0 ms 35.0 ms
Sep 20, 2026 68 15.32 ms 2.0 ms 35.0 ms
Total of 15 record(s).
Page 1 of 2

Normalized Query 

SELECT * FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id = comments.post_id LEFT JOIN tags ON posts.id = tags.post_id LEFT JOIN categories ON posts.category_id = categories.id WHERE users.active = ? AND posts.published = ? AND comments.approved = ? AND tags.name LIKE ? AND categories.visible = ? AND users.email LIKE ? AND posts.title LIKE ? OR comments.content LIKE ? AND users.created_at BETWEEN ? AND ? AND posts.updated_at > ? ORDER BY users.created_at, posts.created_at, comments.created_at

Diagnostics

Query Diagnostics

Automatically generated analysis for this query. Includes N+1 detection (from live request data), query characteristics, detected issues, optimization suggestions, and a database EXPLAIN plan. Click Re-analyze to regenerate.

Query Characteristics
Query Type
SELECT
Tables
5
Joins
4
Complexity Score
33
Has LIMIT
No
Has ORDER BY
Yes
Has GROUP BY
No
Has Subqueries
No
Issues Detected
  • Using SELECT * may retrieve unnecessary columns
  • Complex WHERE clause with many conditions
Optimization Suggestions
  • Use includes() or preload() to load associated records — Eliminate N+1 queries and reduce database load
  • Use includes() to eager load associations — Eliminate N+1 queries and reduce database load
  • Use joins() when you only need to filter, not access associated data — Eliminate N+1 queries and reduce database load
  • Use preload() when you don't need to query on associations — Eliminate N+1 queries and reduce database load
  • Add composite index: add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "visible", "created_at", "updated_at", "name", "email", "title", "content", "created_at", "created_at", "created_at"] — Single index for filtering and sorting
    add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "visible", "created_at", "updated_at", "name", "email", "title", "content", "created_at", "created_at", "created_at"]
  • Add composite index: add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "visible", "created_at", "updated_at", "name", "email", "title", "content"] — Efficient multi-column filtering
    add_index :users, ["active", "published", "approved", "visible", "created_at", "updated_at", "name", "email", "title", "content"]
  • Add single_column index: add_index :comments, :post_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :comments, :post_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :posts, :category_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :posts, :category_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :posts, :user_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :posts, :user_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :tags, :post_id — Fast JOIN execution
    add_index :tags, :post_id
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :active — Fast lookups for active = value queries
    add_index :users, :active
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :approved — Fast lookups for approved = value queries
    add_index :users, :approved
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :published — Fast lookups for published = value queries
    add_index :users, :published
  • Add single_column index: add_index :users, :visible — Fast lookups for visible = value queries
    add_index :users, :visible

Query Locations

Query Locations

Shows where in your codebase this query originates, based on the last 30 days of executions. P95 duration and row count highlight the worst-case performance at each call site.

Location P95 Duration (ms) P95 Row Count Count
app/controllers/search_controller.rb:12 33.0 — 499
app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:50 10.0 — 1

Raw Data 

{
  "query": {
    "id": 84,
    "normalized_sql": "SELECT * FROM users LEFT JOIN posts ON users.id = posts.user_id LEFT JOIN comments ON posts.id = comments.post_id LEFT JOIN tags ON posts.id = tags.post_id LEFT JOIN categories ON posts.category_id = categories.id WHERE users.active = ? AND posts.published = ? AND comments.approved = ? AND tags.name LIKE ? AND categories.visible = ? AND users.email LIKE ? AND posts.title LIKE ? OR comments.content LIKE ? AND users.created_at BETWEEN ? AND ? AND posts.updated_at > ? ORDER BY users.created_at, posts.created_at, comments.created_at",
    "analyzed_at": "2026-09-23 06:10:01 UTC"
  },
  "performance": {
    "total_executions": 500,
    "p95_duration_ms": "33.0",
    "avg_duration_ms": 17.576,
    "p95_row_count": null,
    "avg_row_count": null
  },
  "characteristics": {
    "query_type": "SELECT",
    "table_count": 5,
    "join_count": 4,
    "where_clause_complexity": 11,
    "has_subqueries": false,
    "has_limit": false,
    "has_order_by": true,
    "has_group_by": false,
    "has_having": false,
    "has_distinct": false,
    "has_aggregations": false,
    "estimated_complexity": 33
  },
  "call_locations": [
    {
      "location": "app/controllers/search_controller.rb:12",
      "count": 499,
      "p95_duration_ms": "33.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    },
    {
      "location": "app/mailers/user_mailer.rb:50",
      "count": 1,
      "p95_duration_ms": "10.0",
      "p95_row_count": null
    }
  ],
  "n_plus_one": {
    "detected": false
  },
  "index_recommendations": [
    "add_index :users, :active",
    "add_index :users, :published",
    "add_index :users, :approved",
    "add_index :users, :visible",
    "add_index :posts, :user_id",
    "add_index :comments, :post_id",
    "add_index :tags, :post_id",
    "add_index :posts, :category_id",
    "add_index :users, [\"active\", \"published\", \"approved\", \"visible\", \"created_at\", \"updated_at\", \"name\", \"email\", \"title\", \"content\", \"created_at\", \"created_at\", \"created_at\"]",
    "add_index :users, [\"active\", \"published\", \"approved\", \"visible\", \"created_at\", \"updated_at\", \"name\", \"email\", \"title\", \"content\"]",
    "add_index :users, :created_at",
    "add_index :users, :updated_at",
    "add_index :users, [\"created_at\", \"created_at\", \"created_at\"]"
  ],
  "issues": [
    "Using SELECT * may retrieve unnecessary columns",
    "Complex WHERE clause with many conditions"
  ]
}